Cosmetic and Plastic Reconstructive
Surgery, Maxillofacial Surgery
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Plastic Reconstructive Surgery
Male Surgery
Female Surgery
Nonsurgical Treatments

BODY CONTOUR

Mastopexy
Breast Augmentation
Liposuction: Liposculpture/Lipoaspiration
Reduction Mastopexy
Tuberous Breasts
Asymmetrical Breasts
Dermolipectomy of the Thighs
Arm Dermolipectomy
Cosmetic Hand Surgery
Inverted Nipples
Nipple Reduction
Reduction of the Areola
Abdominal Surgery : Abdominoplasty
Calf Augmentation
Gluteal Augmentation


BREAST LIST

Mastopexy

A breast lift is a surgical treatment that corrects fallen breasts. The type of surgery can be a good solution for the following two types of situations:
Breasts that are small and fallen can not only be lifted and repositioned but also have an implant added as well in order to make them larger and better proportioned.  Women that find themselves in this situation are the perfect candidates for this type of surgery because, even though a lift can be done on any sized breast, the results for large breasts are not as long lasting.
Breasts of normal size that have fallen can be lifted to their original position.
During a mastopexy we can also reduce the size of an excessively large nipple.

The breasts are one of the most delicate areas for a woman and, as such, there exist many factors that can negatively impact their shape and lead to sag in this area:  age, gravity, volume, pregnancy, lactation, chronic smoking, genetic predisposition, use of bras with insufficient support and weight loss being some of the most common.
This type of surgery will provide a woman with greater self-confidence and security along with feelings of being more attractive, all of which affect positively effect all aspects of her work, social and married life.

In a general sense, a breast lift eliminates excess skin leaving the breast more firm and supple.  It is performed on the skin and mammary tissue, which is composed of ligaments, the mammary glands themselves and fatty tissue.  The chest muscles are really separate from the breast tissue rendering exercise in this area ineffective and making this procedure even more useful.
The mastopexy does not affect either the function of the mammary gland, the nipple or the ability to breast feed in the future.
As the years go by, a woman may find that her breasts have been subject to structural changes that, together with the unrelenting effects of gravity, have caused the breast to sag and fall.

Changes in size due to changes in body weight, pregnancies, lactation, hormones, skin elasticity, excessive sun exposure and bras with inadequate support are definite factors that can also make the breast look sagging and fallen.  Many times a fallen breast is due to excessive volume as well. The important thing to know is that in all of these situations a breast lift is the ideal medical solution.  The best candidate is a woman with reasonable treatment expectations for improving her appearance, i.e. someone who is not searching for perfection.  


BREAST AUGMENTATION


Augmentation Mammoplasty

Breast augmentation is one of the most in demand cosmetic procedures among women all over the world.
It consists of placing specially designed implants made just for the purpose. The manufacturers now have more than forty years of history and experience, so these implants actually offer great security and safety.

Furthermore, the material inside breast implants is an adhesive silicon gel, which is different from conventional silicon: it offers still greater security in the event of a rupture of the implant itself.

   
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LIPOSUCTION


Liposculpture / Lipoaspiration

Liposuction allows the clear removal of those rolls of fat that do not respond to dietary treatments. Keep in mind that liposuction can remodel any part of the body. It is necessary to wait a certain amount of time (about two months) for examination of the final result and its permanency. Liposuction is not recommended for treating obesity or for being overweight.

   
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BREAST REDUCTION


Reduction Mastopexy

Some overly large breasts can create back and shoulder pain and skin problems from rubbing in the area where the breast joins the upper torso.  There are a wide variety of techniques used for breast reduction, each with variations in design and the location of the residual scars.
The most commonly employed techniques are:

    • An inverted T * vertical incision * periareolar incision
    • Mammary liposuction (without perceptible scars – depending on the condition of the skin)
       
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    TUBEROUS BREASTS

    During the growth phase, due to an alteration in normal development, the tissue that covers the mammary gland can become excessively rigid and not expand adequately to meet the steady growth of the mammary gland itself.
    This situation is able to literally bottle or dam the development of the mammary gland tissue, not allowing the breast to expand properly and leading to herniation in the area of least resistance, the nipple.

    The treatment for tuberous breast (tubular) can include the surgical liberation of the internal part of the skin that covers the breast along with breast implants, all of which can be done through small incisions in the areola. If the areola is excessively large, this can also be corrected with a small incision.


    ASYMMETRICAL BREASTS


    Breasts Differing in Size or Shape

    The human body is never 100% symmetric.  (One half is always more developed than the other.)

    The majority of women have one breast that is slightly larger than the other.  Small asymmetries are considered completely normal.
    However, if the difference in the shape or size between breasts is noticeable and worries the patient, then it is possible to surgically improve the situation..  Sometimes it is necessary to make only one breast smaller through Breast Reduction and, in other cases, it is necessary to perform Breast Augmentation on a breast that is too small or even a Breast Lift on a breast that is too fallen.
    Depending on the situation, it is possible to combine procedures to try to achieve the best symmetry possible.

    Small asymmetries or differences in the size of the areolas and nipples can be improved with Areola or Nipple Reduction procedures. 


    DERMOLIPECTOMY OF THE THIGHS


    The skin of the inner thigh is very delicate and tends to lose its elasticity over the years. Furthermore, the weight of the fat in the subcutaneous tissue can cause excess sagging as well.

    A Crural Lift procedure treats the skin on the inner thighs, eliminating excess skin and fat with a scar that is hidden in the skin fold of the crotch area.


    ARM DERMOLIPECTOMY

    BRACHIOPLASTY

    This is the term for the procedure that restores the arm and has as its objective the removal of excess fat and skin in the area.  This is indicated in those patients who would consider a liposculpture to be insufficient or in those that have lost a lot of weight leaving substantial sagging skin  that hangs excessively when they raise arms.
    One result that can be achieved from this surgery is that the scar can be hidden on the inside of the arms.

    The stitches can be removed after a week depending on how the incision is healing.

    Furthermore, we can also treat excessive armpit sweating, or hyperhidrosis, at the same time that we eliminate the excess skin and fat in your arms.



    COSMETIC HAND SURGERY

    The passage of the years are revealed in your hands. Through lipostructure it is possible to fill out the dorsal side of hands that have become bony and make them look more smooth and soft.

    On the other side, spotting and discolorations from sun damage can be improved or even eliminated with peels or de-pigmentation products.


    INVERTED NIPPLES


    The retraction or inversion of the breast nipples can be caused by many factors.

    When a nipple is inverted due to fibrosis within the milk ducts, the required solution is a surgical procedure (with general anesthesia in the clinic) that allows the nipple to be externalized, freeing the constrained structures. 

    The incision, which is only about 4 millimeters, is performed at the base of the nipple.and leaves behind a completely invisible scar.  There are two to three stitches required that that can be removed after two weeks, leaving results that are permanent. 


    NIPPLE REDUCTION

    Nipple reduction is a surgical procedure that remodels a nipple that is too prominent or hypertrophic.
    It is most common to see hypertrophic nipples in small breast with areolas of a small diameter. 

    The most frequent cause of nipple hypertrophy is breast feeding and alterations that occurred in the development of the breast.
    It is possible to reduce the size of the nipples through local anesthesia withou the necessity of checking into the clinic. The residual scar is completely invisible.


    REDUCTION OF THE AREOLA


    The reduction of the areola is a surgical procedure for reducing the diameter of the areola that is too large, or hypertrophic, relative to the size of the breast.

    This procedure can done using only local anesthetic without the necessity of checking into the clinic.

    When Breast Reduction surgery is performed on an overly large breast, almost always nipple reduction is done on the same visit immediately after.


    ABDOMINAL SURGERY (TUMMY TUCK)


    ABDOMINOPLASTY

    This operations involves the removal of excess fat and skin and the correction of sagging musculature.
    This situation of excess skin and losseness of the abdominal wall often occurs in patients who have gained and then lost a lot of weight or in women that have had multiple pregnancies.

    The Abdominoplasty makes an abdomen that is more flat and firm along with a narrower waist.
    This procedure is done using general anesthesia above the pubic hair and extended toward the hips. It frees the skin of the abdomen, and if done with precision, reinforces using sutures the abdominal muscles. 
    After the operation, the patient will utilize a special compression girdle.

    The incisions around the belly button and on the lower abdomen will improve with the passage of time. Nevertheless, in some cases it may be necessary to correct the scar using a simple procedure involving only local anesthetic
       
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    CALF AUGMENTATION

    This purpose of this procedure is to augment the volume of the calf muscles.

    An underdeveloped calf muscle can cause an excessive thinness in the leg that at times is not aesthetically pleasing.
    This developmental defect can be corrected using local anesthesia and a small incision on the back side of the knee where some implants, generally silicon gel, augment the volume of the calf and modify its shape and form. 

    The use of an elastic bandage is advised during the first week after the operation and for one month afterward during physical exercise.
    The procedure is now every bit as common with women as men.


    GLUTEAL AUGMENTATION

    The purpose of this procedure is to increase the prominence and volume of the gluteal (buttock) area.

    There are two technique to achieve this objective:

    Lipoinjection: fatty tissue from the same patient (extracted from elsewhere in the body) is placed into the muscle fibers of the gluteal muscles.
    Location of gluteal implants:  there are two distinct types, subfascial and intramuscular
    This procedure can be done using an epidural or general anesthesia.  The patient will not experience much pain through the use of analgesics (pain killers).

    After the procedure it will be necessary to use a compression band or girdle. It is also recommended to avoid physical exercise for about one month as well.

    This surgery is as in demand with women as with men
       
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Mario Carranza-Garcia, M.D.
Cosmetic and Plastic Reconstructive Surgery, Maxillofacial Surgery
Hidalgo 2425 Suite306, Obispado, Monterrey, N.L., México,64060 Office/fax 011(5281)83-18-68-20